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Article Published February 12, 2002
County Mayo (Ireland): An Outline History -- Cromwellian Settlement
By Bernard O'Hara and Nollaig ÓMuraíle,
Mayo Ireland Ltd
Cromwellian Settlement
The pattern of land ownership in Mayo underwent a continuous if slow
metamorphasis in succeeding generations as clans evolved and grew stronger
or were eclipsed by their neighbours and London administrations began to
play a more significant and direct role in the affairs of Ireland. The
traumatic Cromwellian settlement which commenced in 1641 ended a decade
later with a stern regime in absolute control of the country and grimly
determined to reward its friends and punish its enemies. The most
significant feature of the "Cromwellian settlement" as it is known, was the
plan to repay Commonwealth soldiers and adventurers for their services with
grants of land in ten Irish counties. The landowners displaced as a
consequence of implementing this scheme were, if found to be innocent of
participation in "the late rebellion", to be given lands, in proportion to
their original estates, in four counties west of the Shannon - Mayo, Galway,
Roscommon and Clare. The "transplantation to Connacht" also involved
transplantation within Connacht, as existing landowners west of the Shannon,
displaced to make way for the new arrivals, had to be found estates
elsewhere in the Province.
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