SASKATCHEWAN:

During the twentieth century the Canadian military faithfully served Canadians in times of both war and peace. The resources in this section tell the history of the roles that Canadian men and women played in defending Canadian interests, and in helping to preserve peace for others in distant lands. .

The Fenian Raids were attacks by members of the Fenian Brotherhood based in the United States, on British army forts, customs posts and other targets in Canada in order to bring pressure on Britain to withdraw from Ireland, between 1866 and 1871. Most of the raids were successfully repelled by British forces and local militias. While the U.S. authorities arrested the men and confiscated their arms afterwards, there is speculation that many in US government had turned a blind eye to the preparations for the invasion..

The Red River Rebellion was the sequence of events that led up to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by the Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony, in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba. A military expedition was sent to Manitoba to enforce federal authority. Now known as the Wolseley Expedition (or Red River Expedition), it consisted of Canadian militia and British regular soldiers led by Colonel Garnet Wolseley. The arrival of troops ended the Rebellion.

The Lower Canada (Quebec) and Upper Canada (Ontario) rebellions of the late 1830's were an effort by a dedicated few to turn the British provinces of North America into a republic or republics. After unsuccessful bids for control of power, a few of the rebels were hanged or transported, but most were eventually pardoned. As a direct result of the uprisings, Lord Durham, was assigned to report on the grievances among the colonists and find a way to appease them. His report eventually led to greater autonomy in the Canadian colonies, and the union of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada in 1840.

On the 18th of June 1812, President James Madison and the United States Congress declared war on Great Britain. Battles raged throughout Canada and the United States for one thousand days before peace was negotiated. Unfortunately, news of the peace settlement didn't reach North America before many more lives were lost.

In response to protests in Boston over the British Parliament's attempts to maintain authority over its North American colonies, the British mobilized its army to put down the rebellion. Consequently the rebels formed militias of like-minded individuals to face the British military and to 'discourage' those colonial citizens who wished to remain loyal to the crown. Fighting broke out in 1775, offically ending in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Surviving Loyalists needed to find refuge outside of the United States. The movement of United Empire Loyalists to Canada was a critical event in the settlement of what later became Canada. Loyalists settled throughout the present-day Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Ontario. Their descendants migrated throughout Canada and beyond.

The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. The name refers to the two main enemies of the British: the royal French forces and the various American Indian forces allied with them. The conflict between France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of all of New France east of the Mississippi River, as well as Spanish Florida. France's colonial presence in North America was reduced to the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Gulf of St. Lawrence..